Engagement with Professional Bodies/ GovernmentInternational
National Level
Regional
Community Service
Awards and Accolades
Consultations
External Academic service
Keynote Address
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Public Health Practice
Engagement with Professional Bodies/ GovernmentInternational
National Level
Regional
Community Service
Awards and Accolades
Consultations
External Academic service
Keynote Address
|
Activities
CoursesEach year, I offer several courses in the areas of Basic Epidemiology, Advanced Epidemiology, Applied Epidemiology (Non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, and Surveillance), and Introduction to Public Health, Universal Health Coverage for
Furthermore, I regularly offer short courses and visiting lectures, which allow students to complete required learning in their flexible time. This is part of the capacity building for public health professionals. For the current list of courses for the current year: Please write to us. E-mail Bachelor and Master’s Theses For all students with an interest in Life course Epidemiology, I offer a wide range of research areas out of which a topic for a Bachelor- or Master thesis can be chosen. If you are interested, just write to my project staff and arrange an appointment to discuss. We will be available for presenting you interesting topics for a thesis in the area of Life course epidemiology. Concerning questions on theses, you might of course also contact one of our research staff. Internships and Ph.D. opportunitiesIf you are interested in internships or Ph.D., we welcome outstanding graduate students to our institution, to participate in research on a wide range of national and international public health issues. The core research areas include:
Some of the profiles of interns are listed here: Interns Click here for currently enrolled Ph.D. students: Ph.D. fellows For eligibility and application process, please contact our project staff. ResearchThe focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives. (1) Generating evidence regarding the parental and psychosocial environment of NCDs; (2) Exploring the appropriate interventions through pilot projects; and (3) Ensuring evidence-based public health policy planning and implementation. Objectives (1) and (2) help in identification and prioritization of parental determinants of childhood susceptibility to NCDs. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible, and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (3) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (1) and (2). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. The role of psychosocial environment in NCDs: The role of psychosocial and environmental risk factors and their associations with hypertension was unclear, as the findings from observational studies were largely inconsistent. Earlier evidence had indicated the poor association between psychological stress and coronary heart disease (CHD). This indicated that the impact of job strain on CHD is lower than that of other established risk factors, such as smoking, abdominal obesity, and physical inactivity. I hypothesized that job strain does not directly result in CHD, and affects CHD only by initiating hypertension. I led a systematic review and meta-analysis and found that job strain and hypertension were positively associated. Based on this finding, the effect of job strain in the etiology is confirmed for the first time. In continuation of this information, I am investigating the role of maternal psychosocial stressors in identifying the early markers of NCDs. We have found the high burden of psychosocial stressors in pregnant women, and are in advanced stages of investigation to know the outcome of their children. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and risk of chronic diseases: The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman could have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypotheses).(1) In-utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia can result in fetal hyperinsulinemia. The consequential increase in fetal fat cells can initiate a feed-forward loop of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinemia throughout childhood, leading to obesity and T2DM in later life. (2) Earlier studies demonstrated that the effect of maternal glucose concentrations on weight in children was “U- shaped”.(3) Our ongoing cohort study sets to advance this knowledge by looking at measures of infant and child adiposity with continuous levels of maternal glucose and connecting towards the evolution of NCD’s.(4) I am the P.I of the birth cohort in India, which is currently recruiting participants from public health facilities in India. This is the first birth cohort in India, which is examining the role of psychosocial and nutritional antecedents in pregnant women with early markers of NCDs in their children. Ongoing Research Projects
Some of the Completed Research Projects
A list of projects is provided in this link Public Health Practice |
Activities
TeachingEach year, I offer several courses in the areas of Basic Epidemiology, Advanced Epidemiology, Applied Epidemiology (Non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, and Surveillance), and Introduction to Public Health, Universal Health Coverage for
Furthermore, I regularly offer short courses and visiting lectures, which allow students to complete required learning in their flexible time. This is part of the capacity building for public health professionals. For the current list of courses for the current year: Please write to us. E-mail Bachelor and Master’s Theses For all students with an interest in Life course Epidemiology, I offer a wide range of research areas out of which a topic for a Bachelor- or Master thesis can be chosen. If you are interested, just write to my project staff and arrange an appointment to discuss. We will be available for presenting you interesting topics for a thesis in the area of Life course epidemiology. Concerning questions on theses, you might of course also contact one of our research staff. Internships and Ph.D. opportunitiesIf you are interested in internships or Ph.D., we welcome outstanding graduate students to our institution, to participate in research on a wide range of national and international public health issues. The core research areas include:
Some of the profiles of interns are listed here: Interns Click here for currently enrolled Ph.D. students: Ph.D. fellows For eligibility and application process, please contact our project staff. ResearchThe focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives. (1) Generating evidence regarding the parental and psychosocial environment of NCDs; (2) Exploring the appropriate interventions through pilot projects; and (3) Ensuring evidence-based public health policy planning and implementation. Objectives (1) and (2) help in identification and prioritization of parental determinants of childhood susceptibility to NCDs. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible, and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (3) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (1) and (2). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. The role of psychosocial environment in NCDs: The role of psychosocial and environmental risk factors and their associations with hypertension was unclear, as the findings from observational studies were largely inconsistent. Earlier evidence had indicated the poor association between psychological stress and coronary heart disease (CHD). This indicated that the impact of job strain on CHD is lower than that of other established risk factors, such as smoking, abdominal obesity, and physical inactivity. I hypothesized that job strain does not directly result in CHD, and affects CHD only by initiating hypertension. I led a systematic review and meta-analysis and found that job strain and hypertension were positively associated. Based on this finding, the effect of job strain in the etiology is confirmed for the first time. In continuation of this information, I am investigating the role of maternal psychosocial stressors in identifying the early markers of NCDs. We have found the high burden of psychosocial stressors in pregnant women, and are in advanced stages of investigation to know the outcome of their children. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and risk of chronic diseases: The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman could have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypotheses).(1) In-utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia can result in fetal hyperinsulinemia. The consequential increase in fetal fat cells can initiate a feed-forward loop of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinemia throughout childhood, leading to obesity and T2DM in later life. (2) Earlier studies demonstrated that the effect of maternal glucose concentrations on weight in children was “U- shaped”.(3) Our ongoing cohort study sets to advance this knowledge by looking at measures of infant and child adiposity with continuous levels of maternal glucose and connecting towards the evolution of NCD’s.(4) I am the P.I of the birth cohort in India, which is currently recruiting participants from public health facilities in India. This is the first birth cohort in India, which is examining the role of psychosocial and nutritional antecedents in pregnant women with early markers of NCDs in their children. Ongoing Research Projects
Related Publications
Some of the Completed Research Projects
A list of projects is provided in this link Public Health PracticeA detailed page about Public Health Practice can be found in this link. Only selected exerpts are listed here. Media articles and MentionsA detailed page about articles in Media and mentions can be found in this link. Only selected exerpts are listed here. Conferences and Workshops
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Education
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Education
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Research
Statement of Research InterestsIn Asia, there is an imperative need to implement the practice of evidence-based public health policy, planning, and spending. My earlier and ongoing research provides the appropriate evidence, which can guide the formulation of policy to bring in positive change that we can see in our lifetime. I am focused shaping my career towards independence and in building a long-term career in academic public health. Therefore, my future research plan is dedicated to exploring the impact of tackling determinants in the maternal and psychosocial environment and thereby promote positive health in populations through appropriate interventions. The focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives.
Objectives (a) and (b) help in identification and prioritization of maternal determinants of childhood obesity (and subsequent risk of diabetes and hypertension) in Asia. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (c) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (a) & (b). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. In the next few years, I want to pilot the interventions based on the results of the research on the role of the maternal and psychosocial environment of NCDs in different populations. The overall results from testing the interventions will result in the implementation of evidence-based public health. In the next 5 years, I wish to inculcate the evidence into policy formulations at the national and international level to influence policymakers to bring positive changes with respect to NCD prevention and control. Due to demographic transition and lifestyle changes, the aging Asian populations continually are affected by NCDs. My engagement of research and advocacy in NCDs will aid in improving the health of an aging population and improve productivity. I am uniquely positioned to study the effects from an intergenerational perspective and earnestly believe that the positive changes will see the transformation of societies in the next two decades. Therefore, my long-term goal is to ensure healthy populations are sustained through integrated technical and advocacy efforts. My track record of working in public health over 17 years has provided a clear resolve for the achieving the objectives listed above. Ongoing Research Projects.
Details of the Ongoing Research Projects
India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, Currently, we are recruiting women in a birth cohort since April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia. Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between the psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman may have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypothesis) including in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, and the consequent increase in fetal fat cells. Therefore, a feed-forward loop can exist of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinemia throughout childhood, perhaps leading to obesity and diabetes in later life. There is a need for prospective examination of body fat distribution in children born to mothers with different glycemic levels to understand the plausible association between glucose metabolism and future risk of diabetes in offspring. We published detailed protocols of the study and pilot in open access peer-reviewed journals. (BMC, BMJOpen) In order to extend the recruitment, complete the follow-up and create a bio-repository, I have been awarded intermediate fellowship from Wellcome trust-DBT India alliance. With the funding support of WT-DBT India alliance, I am currently expanding the cohort study to aim to recruit more than 3000 pregnant women. Extending the study to multiple centers will provide the robust data for valid inferences. Accomplishments
Publications from this project are as follows:- (also visit, publications)
2. Full meal supplementation: Evaluation of Effect in Pregnant and Lactating women (FEEL): Funded by Department of Women and Child, Government of Karnataka Understanding the relation between maternal nutrition and birth outcomes provides a basis for developing nutritional interventions that will improve- birth outcomes, childhood growth and development long-term quality of life and reduce mortality, morbidity, and health-care costs. To address the issue of maternal undernutrition and consequential adverse effects on birth outcomes or growth of children, Department of Women and Child Development, Government of Karnataka is piloting a new strategy on the provision of One full meal served to Pregnant and Lactating mothers at AWC along with IFA supplement in order to ensure consumption the food meeting 40% of the day’s nutrient requirement. This initiative provides a unique opportunity to understand the impact of nutritious food on pregnancy outcome and child development. Primary Objective The overall aim of the intervention study is to study the impact of hot fully cooked meals provided to pregnant women in improving pregnancy and infant outcomes. Secondary Objectives
3. Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy on the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE); A cohort study in South India. Funded by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India *Under Development* Details of Earlier Research[2009-2012, University of California Los Angeles]Summary: Hypertension is a major contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD).[1,2] It is estimated that hypertension causes 7.5 million deaths worldwide amounting to 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths.[3] Many risk factors leading to hypertension are modifiable and therefore provide an opportunity for preventive efforts.[4] There is an imperative need for population-based research to understand the modifiable factors such as job stress in leading to Hypertension.[4] I chose workplace settings for the research as they provide opportunities to explore determinants of these negative behaviors and are amenable to interventions.[1] I led a moderately large study (N = 1071) in the software professionals in Bangalore, India employed at 27 different IT companies. The focus of our study was to study the association of Job stress and Hypertension as well as understanding the on the age gradient of hypertension prevalence. The research established a higher prevalence of hypertension in the younger age cohort, affecting 31% professionals with 5% having malignant levels of hypertension. It was known earlier that south Asians are predisposed to be hypertensive a decade earlier compared the developed countries.[6] Our research suggested that hypertension in IT/ITES professionals occurs a decade earlier compared to the rest of India and two decades earlier compared to developed countries.[7] This suggests that if untreated, these professionals would go on to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at an early age. The results also indicated that 46% of professionals were in pre-hypertension. In addition, I found that the dimensions of workplace autonomy and workplace environment are associated with hypertension. Accomplishments
References for Details of Earlier Research:
The research publications are listed in this link: Publications Advocacy is provided in this link: Links Professional Memberships |
Research
Summary of the Current ResearchResearch FocusIn Asia, there is an imperative need to implement the practice of evidence-based public health policy, planning, and spending. My earlier and ongoing research provides the appropriate evidence, which can guide the formulation of policy to bring in positive change that we can see in our lifetime. I am focused shaping my career towards independence and in building a long-term career in academic public health. Therefore, my future research plan is dedicated to exploring the impact of tackling determinants in the maternal and psychosocial environment and thereby promote positive health in populations through appropriate interventions. The focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives.
Objectives (a) and (b) help in identification and prioritization of maternal determinants of childhood obesity (and subsequent risk of diabetes and hypertension) in Asia. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (c) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (a) & (b). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. In the next 2-3 years, I want to pilot the interventions based on the results of the research on the role of the maternal and psychosocial environment of NCDs in different populations. The overall results from testing the interventions will result in the implementation of evidence-based public health. In the next 5 years, I wish to inculcate the evidence into policy formulations at the national and international level to influence policymakers to bring positive changes with respect to NCD prevention and control. Due to demographic transition and lifestyle changes, the aging Asian populations continually are affected by NCDs. My engagement of research and advocacy in NCDs will aid in improving the health of an aging population and improve productivity. I am uniquely positioned to study the effects from an intergenerational perspective and earnestly believe that the positive changes will see the transformation of societies in the next two decades. Therefore, my long-term goal is to ensure healthy populations are sustained through integrated technical and advocacy efforts. My track record of working in public health over 17 years has provided a clear resolve for the achieving the objectives listed above. Ongoing Research Projects [PHFI, Bengaluru campus]
Details of the Ongoing Research Projects
India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, Currently, we are recruiting women in a birth cohort since April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia. Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between the psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman may have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypothesis) including in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinaemia, and the consequent increase in fetal fat cells. Therefore, a feed-forward loop can exist of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinaemia throughout childhood, perhaps leading to obesity and diabetes in later life. There is a need for prospective examination of body fat distribution in children born to mothers with different glycemic levels to understand the plausible association between glucose metabolism and future risk of diabetes in offspring. We published detailed protocols of the study and pilot in open access peer reviewed journals. (BMC, BMJOpen) In order to extend the recruitment, complete the follow-up and create a bio-repository, I have been awarded intermediate fellowship from Wellcome trust-DBT India alliance. With the funding support of WT-DBT India alliance, I am currently expanding the cohort study to aim to recruit more than 3000 pregnant women. Extending the study to multiple centres will provide the robust data for valid inferences. Accomplishments
Publications from this project are as follows:- (also visit, publications)
2. Full meal supplementation: Evaluation of Effect in Pregnant and Lactating women (FEEL): Funded by Department of Women and Child, Government of Karnataka *Under Development* 3. Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy on the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE); A cohort study in South India. Funded by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India *Under Development* Details of Earlier Research[2009-2012, University of California Los Angeles]Summary: Hypertension is a major contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD).[1,2] It is estimated that hypertension causes 7.5 million deaths worldwide amounting to 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths.[3] Many risk factors leading to hypertension are modifiable and therefore provide an opportunity for preventive efforts.[4] There is an imperative need for population-based research to understand the modifiable factors such as job stress in leading to Hypertension.[4] I chose workplace settings for the research as they provide opportunities to explore determinants of these negative behaviors and are amenable to interventions.[1] I led a moderately large study (N = 1071) in the software professionals in Bangalore, India employed at 27 different IT companies. The focus of our study was to study the association of Job stress and Hypertension as well as understanding the on the age gradient of hypertension prevalence. The research established higher prevalence of hypertension in the younger age cohort, affecting 31% professionals with 5% having malignant levels of hypertension. It was known earlier that south Asians are predisposed to be hypertensive a decade earlier compared the developed countries.[6] Our research suggested that hypertension in IT/ITES professionals occurs a decade earlier compared to the rest of India and two decades earlier compared to developed countries.[7] This suggests that if untreated, these professionals would go on to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at an early age. The results also indicated that 46% of professionals were in pre-hypertension. In addition, I found that the dimensions of workplace autonomy and workplace environment are associated with hypertension.
Accomplishments
References for Details of Earlier Research:
The research publications are listed in this link: Publications Advocacy is provided in this link: Links Professional Memberships |
Statement of Research Interests
| In Asia, there is an imperative need to implement the practice of evidence-based public health policy, planning, and spending. My earlier and ongoing research provides the appropriate evidence, which can guide the formulation of policy to bring in positive change that we can see in our lifetime. I am focused shaping my career towards independence and in building a long-term career in academic public health. Therefore, my future research plan is dedicated to exploring the impact of tackling determinants in the maternal and psychosocial environment and thereby promote positive health in populations through appropriate interventions.
The focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives.
Objectives (a) and (b) help in identification and prioritization of maternal determinants of childhood obesity (and subsequent risk of diabetes and hypertension) in Asia. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (c) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (a) & (b). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. In the next few years, I want to pilot the interventions based on the results of the research on the role of the maternal and psychosocial environment of NCDs in different populations. The overall results from testing the interventions will result in the implementation of evidence-based public health. In the next 5 years, I wish to inculcate the evidence into policy formulations at the national and international level to influence policymakers to bring positive changes with respect to NCD prevention and control. Due to demographic transition and lifestyle changes, the aging Asian populations continually are affected by NCDs. My engagement of research and advocacy in NCDs will aid in improving the health of an aging population and improve productivity. I am uniquely positioned to study the effects from an intergenerational perspective and earnestly believe that the positive changes will see the transformation of societies in the next two decades. Therefore, my long-term goal is to ensure healthy populations are sustained through integrated technical and advocacy efforts. My track record of working in public health over 17 years has provided a clear resolve for the achieving the objectives listed above. Ongoing Research Projects [PHFI, Bengaluru campus]
Details of the Ongoing Research Projects
India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, Currently, we are recruiting women in a birth cohort since April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia. Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between the psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman may have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypothesis) including in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, and the consequent increase in fetal fat cells. Therefore, a feed-forward loop can exist of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinemia throughout childhood, perhaps leading to obesity and diabetes in later life. There is a need for prospective examination of body fat distribution in children born to mothers with different glycemic levels to understand the plausible association between glucose metabolism and future risk of diabetes in offspring. We published detailed protocols of the study and pilot in open access peer-reviewed journals. (BMC, BMJOpen) In order to extend the recruitment, complete the follow-up and create a bio-repository, I have been awarded intermediate fellowship from Wellcome trust-DBT India alliance. With the funding support of WT-DBT India alliance, I am currently expanding the cohort study to aim to recruit more than 3000 pregnant women. Extending the study to multiple centers will provide the robust data for valid inferences. Accomplishments
Publications from this project are as follows:- (also visit, publications)
2. Full meal supplementation: Evaluation of Effect in Pregnant and Lactating women (FEEL): Funded by Department of Women and Child, Government of Karnataka *Under Development* 3. Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy on the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE); A cohort study in South India. Funded by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India *Under Development* Details of Earlier Research[2009-2012, University of California Los Angeles]Summary: Hypertension is a major contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD).[1,2] It is estimated that hypertension causes 7.5 million deaths worldwide amounting to 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths.[3] Many risk factors leading to hypertension are modifiable and therefore provide an opportunity for preventive efforts.[4] There is an imperative need for population-based research to understand the modifiable factors such as job stress in leading to Hypertension.[4] I chose workplace settings for the research as they provide opportunities to explore determinants of these negative behaviors and are amenable to interventions.[1] I led a moderately large study (N = 1071) in the software professionals in Bangalore, India employed at 27 different IT companies. The focus of our study was to study the association of Job stress and Hypertension as well as understanding the on the age gradient of hypertension prevalence. The research established higher prevalence of hypertension in the younger age cohort, affecting 31% professionals with 5% having malignant levels of hypertension. It was known earlier that south Asians are predisposed to be hypertensive a decade earlier compared the developed countries.[6] Our research suggested that hypertension in IT/ITES professionals occurs a decade earlier compared to the rest of India and two decades earlier compared to developed countries.[7] This suggests that if untreated, these professionals would go on to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at an early age. The results also indicated that 46% of professionals were in pre-hypertension. In addition, I found that the dimensions of workplace autonomy and workplace environment are associated with hypertension.
Accomplishments
References for Details of Earlier Research:
The research publications are listed in this link: Publications Advocacy is provided in this link: Links Professional Memberships |
Research
Statement of Research InterestsIn Asia, there is an imperative need to implement the practice of evidence-based public health policy, planning, and spending. My earlier and ongoing research provides the appropriate evidence, which can guide the formulation of policy to bring in positive change that we can see in our lifetime. I am focused shaping my career towards independence and in building a long-term career in academic public health. Therefore, my future research plan is dedicated to exploring the impact of tackling determinants in the maternal and psychosocial environment and thereby promote positive health in populations through appropriate interventions. The focus of my research is through the realization of the following objectives.
Objectives (a) and (b) help in identification and prioritization of maternal determinants of childhood obesity (and subsequent risk of diabetes and hypertension) in Asia. The evidence available in the next three years will aid in the generation of rigorous, feasible and contextually specific population-based pilot interventions. The objective (c) will be achieved through the implementation of pilot interventions based on objectives (a) & (b). The three objectives together will contribute to logical and empirically grounded choices of public health interventions. In the next few years, I want to pilot the interventions based on the results of the research on the role of the maternal and psychosocial environment of NCDs in different populations. The overall results from testing the interventions will result in the implementation of evidence-based public health. In the next 5 years, I wish to inculcate the evidence into policy formulations at the national and international level to influence policymakers to bring positive changes with respect to NCD prevention and control. Due to demographic transition and lifestyle changes, the aging Asian populations continually are affected by NCDs. My engagement of research and advocacy in NCDs will aid in improving the health of an aging population and improve productivity. I am uniquely positioned to study the effects from an intergenerational perspective and earnestly believe that the positive changes will see the transformation of societies in the next two decades. Therefore, my long-term goal is to ensure healthy populations are sustained through integrated technical and advocacy efforts. My track record of working in public health over 17 years has provided a clear resolve for the achieving the objectives listed above. Ongoing Research Projects .
Details of the Ongoing Research Projects
India is experiencing an epidemic of obesity-hyperglycaemia, which can be sustained and augmented through transgenerational transmission of adiposity and glucose intolerance in women. This presents an opportunity for exploring a clear strategy for the control of this epidemic in India. We conducted a study between November 2013 and May 2015 to inform the design of a large pregnancy cohort study. Based on the findings of this pilot, Currently, we are recruiting women in a birth cohort since April 2016. The protocol of the study documents the processes which aim at advancing the available knowledge, linking several steps in the evolution of obesity led hyperglycemia. Maternal Antecedents of Adiposity and Studying the Transgenerational role of Hyperglycemia and Insulin (MAASTHI) is a cohort study in the public health facilities in Bangalore, India. The objective of MAASTHI is to prospectively assess the effects of glucose levels in pregnancy on the risk of adverse infant outcomes, especially in predicting the possible risk markers of later chronic diseases. The primary objective of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of glucose levels in pregnancy on skinfold thickness (adiposity) in infancy as a marker of future obesity and diabetes in offspring. The secondary objective is to assess the association between the psychosocial environment of mothers and adverse neonatal outcomes including adiposity. The study aims to recruit 5000 pregnant women and follow them and their offspring for a period of 4 years. The carbohydrate ‘fuel’ metabolism in a pregnant woman may have a long-term impact on the development of her offspring (‘fuel-mediated teratogenesis’ hypothesis) including in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, and the consequent increase in fetal fat cells. Therefore, a feed-forward loop can exist of rising adiposity and hyperinsulinemia throughout childhood, perhaps leading to obesity and diabetes in later life. There is a need for prospective examination of body fat distribution in children born to mothers with different glycemic levels to understand the plausible association between glucose metabolism and future risk of diabetes in offspring. We published detailed protocols of the study and pilot in open access peer-reviewed journals. (BMC, BMJOpen) In order to extend the recruitment, complete the follow-up and create a bio-repository, I have been awarded intermediate fellowship from Wellcome trust-DBT India alliance. With the funding support of WT-DBT India alliance, I am currently expanding the cohort study to aim to recruit more than 3000 pregnant women. Extending the study to multiple centers will provide the robust data for valid inferences. Accomplishments
Publications from this project are as follows:- (also visit, publications)
2. Full meal supplementation: Evaluation of Effect in Pregnant and Lactating women (FEEL): Funded by Department of Women and Child, Government of Karnataka *Under Development* 3. Ambient and Indoor Air Pollution in Pregnancy on the risk of Low birth weight and Ensuing Effects in Infants (APPLE); A cohort study in South India. Funded by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India *Under Development* Details of Earlier Research[2009-2012, University of California Los Angeles]Summary: Hypertension is a major contributor to the worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD).[1,2] It is estimated that hypertension causes 7.5 million deaths worldwide amounting to 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths.[3] Many risk factors leading to hypertension are modifiable and therefore provide an opportunity for preventive efforts.[4] There is an imperative need for population-based research to understand the modifiable factors such as job stress in leading to Hypertension.[4] I chose workplace settings for the research as they provide opportunities to explore determinants of these negative behaviors and are amenable to interventions.[1] I led a moderately large study (N = 1071) in the software professionals in Bangalore, India employed at 27 different IT companies. The focus of our study was to study the association of Job stress and Hypertension as well as understanding the on the age gradient of hypertension prevalence. The research established higher prevalence of hypertension in the younger age cohort, affecting 31% professionals with 5% having malignant levels of hypertension. It was known earlier that south Asians are predisposed to be hypertensive a decade earlier compared the developed countries.[6] Our research suggested that hypertension in IT/ITES professionals occurs a decade earlier compared to the rest of India and two decades earlier compared to developed countries.[7] This suggests that if untreated, these professionals would go on to develop cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at an early age. The results also indicated that 46% of professionals were in pre-hypertension. In addition, I found that the dimensions of workplace autonomy and workplace environment are associated with hypertension.
Accomplishments
References for Details of Earlier Research:
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Giridhar R Babu 